Pine Ecosystem Conservation for the Gopher Tortoise
Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana and Mississippi
Background and Summary
The gopher tortoise is found from southern South Carolina through Georgia into Florida and then westward through southern Alabama, Mississippi and into the three parishes that make the “toe” of Louisiana. The greatest threat to gopher tortoise habitat has been conversion to intensive land use—housing subdivisions, agriculture, industrial centers and loblolly plantations aimed at pulp production. This, combined with the tortoise’s life cycle traits, lead the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service to list the gopher tortoise as a threatened species in Louisiana, Mississippi and western Alabama in 1987.
Ideal conditions for the gopher tortoise can be created through active forest management that is compatible with saw-timber and pole production. Longleaf pine is preferred, but loblolly and slash pine can also provide suitable habitat. Starting in 2008, CCS expanded this initiative to include the non-listed range (Florida, Georgia and Alabama). Read more about our work in Florida and Georgia.
Partners: Starting with a grant from the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Center for Conservation Solutions is now working with the American Bird Conservancy, Environmental Defense, Longleaf Alliance, Mississippi Fish & Wildlife Foundation, U.S. Forest Service, and U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service to improve pine habitat for the gopher tortoise and other species associated with the historically open forests of the South.
This Center for Conservation Solutions initiative generates and coordinates habitat improvement projects for the gopher tortoise on family-owned forestlands and leverages their impact through a variety of outreach methods. It has two components:
- Outreach and education to family forest owners and foresters that will engage them in pine ecosystem conservation, and
- Cost-share assistance for family forest owners who are interested in habitat restoration and entering into a Safe Harbor Agreement for the gopher tortoise.
View a pdf of an article on the initiative that appeared in the Sept/Oct 2003 issue of Tree Farmer magazine.
Our Results
Considerable progress has been made engaging family forest owners in gopher tortoise conservation. Our outreach and education efforts have put conservation management advice directly into the hands of more than 13,500 family woodland owners who collectively own approximately 11 million acres. Family woodland owners have reported using recommended conservation practices to encourage gopher tortoise on 400,000 acres and they will share what they have learned with more than 36,000 other landowners. Cost-share assistance has restored more than 2,260 acres on 21 project sites. For more details see our results.
Our Strategy
Outreach and Education Activities
1. Demonstration Field Days for Landowners
- Mississippi, Lamar County – September 2003. Read more.
- Louisiana, Tangipahoa Parish – February 2006. Read more.
- Mississippi, Hancock County – March 2006. Read more.
- Louisiana, Tangipahoa Parish – April 2006. Read more.
- Louisiana, Beauregard Parish – April 2006. Read more.
- Alabama, Mobile County – May 2006. Read more.
- Mississipi, Forrest County – April 2007. Read more.
- Georgia, Talbot County - September 2008. Read More.
- Florida, Union County - October 2008.
- Florida, Washington County - November 2008. Read more.
- Alabama, Covington County - November 2008.
2. Pine Ecosystem Conservation Handbook for the Gopher Tortoise:
A Guide for Family Forest Owners
This easy-to-understand, 48-page guide is written for family forest owners and foresters interested in improving pine habitat for the gopher tortoise and other wildlife species. Filled with color photographs, it provides family forest owners with practical information on management strategies, prescribed burns, invasive species, regulatory assurances for landowners, and wildlife species that benefit from pine ecosystem management.
Download the handbookpdf [1.33mb] or complete an online form
3. Forest Conservation Education Trail
A conservation education trail highlighting forest management practices that benefit the gopher tortoise is under construction.
- Mississippi, near Wiggins, Stone County.
Read more.
4. Forest Conservation Awareness Sign
Family forest owners who incorporate recommended management practices outlined in the handbook can receive a 12” x 18” aluminum sign to post on their property. Family forest owners are proud of their efforts to conserve their forests, and awareness signs provide them public recognition of their efforts to conserve and create wildlife habitat.
If you are a forest owner following recommended conservation practices, let your neighbors know that you are making a difference and helping wildlife!
To receive a Gopher Tortoise Habitat Conservation sign, complete an application form that provides details of your conservation forestry practices.
Technical and Cost-share Assistance
Achieving conservation for gopher tortoise and other imperiled wildlife species requires landowners to undertake proactive measures such as restoring natural vegetation, controlling invasive species and using prescribed fire. These activities are often expensive and demand technical expertise that landowners may not have.
Center for Conservation Solutions encourages forest owners to work with their foresters, state agencies, local conservation groups and natural resource professionals who can provide technical assistance in developing conservation and forest management plans.
There are a number of cost-share programs that can help landowners with some of the costs associated with restoring and conserving wildlife habitat. These state and federal programs are designed to provide financial incentives for landowners willing to participate voluntarily in conservation efforts. The process of seeking cost-share funds can be complex, but for more information and help in getting started select your state from our drop down menu.
Safe Harbor – Regulatory Assurances for Landowners
Some landowners worry that managing their forest in ways that benefit rare wildlife may result in increased regulation under the federal Endangered Species Act. Such concerns should not be an issue. The Safe Harbor program, crafted by Environmental Defense and the US Fish & Wildlife Service, allows landowners to restore endangered species habitat without fear of increased regulation under the Endangered Species Act. Mississippi family forest owner Dr. John Lambert was the first to sign a Safe Harbor agreement for gopher tortoise. He talked about enrolling in Safe Harbor when he hosted the first Forested Flyways field day for this initiative on his property in September 2003.
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